We talk about them, we listen to them in the news and we admire those who receive them but it is likely that many of us do not know how to answer questions such as the origin of the Nobel Prize , who are grant this recognition or why they are given such importance.Today at Science Daily Online we intend to clear all doubts you may have about it.You just have to keep reading!
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Origin of the Nobel Prize: History, category and winners
To investigate the origin of the Nobel Prize we must go back to the figure of Swedish philanthropist Alfred Nobel .Swedish inventor and chemist was especially famous for inventing dynamite, although he spent his last years of life tormented by the idea that his work ce It had contributed to the fact that wars were increasingly destructive and bloody (these War Phrases reflect precisely on their consequences and their meaning).
It is for this reason that, one year before his death , on November 27, 1985, Alfred Nobel established with his fortune the so-called Nobel Foundation : a fund created with the aim of rewarding the people who had rendered the greatest services to humanity.
1.Categories of the Nobel Prizes
The Nobel Prize is awarded in a total of six fields, considered as the most fields that can contribute to the well-being of humanity: Physics, Chemistry , Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economy .However, there are many who think that these categories of Nobel Prizes are scarce for the present, since, just to mention an example, it would be worth assessing the field of technology.
All these awards ot organ, in addition to prestige, an economic sum that varies annually depending on the investments of the Nobel Foundation.For example, since 2012 the figure for the winners has remained at 8 million Swedish kronor (which equivalent to about $ 975,000, or about € 922,000), although in previous years the economic prize amounted to 10 million crowns.
2.Winner Nobel Prize winners
1.Marie Curie
Marie Curie is known for being the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, as well as the first person to win two Nobel Prizes The first one was that of Physics, recognition that she would share with her husband Pierre Curie, while the second one was from Chemistry and he won it alone.In addition, it was also an example of female resilience, since although the higher study was vetoed for women in Warsaw, was one of the women who created the secret traveling university Uniwersytet Latajacy, thanks to which she was able to continue her formal studies at the Sorbonne in Paris.
If you want to know in greater depth the fascinating story of Marie Curie, we invite you to take a look at our entry about Who Marie Curie was , where we tell you both her personal and professional life, and if not outside little, this collection of phrases of Marie Curie g> will allow you to make direct contact with your deepest thoughts through your best quotes.
2.Martin Luther King Jr.
He was a political activist and defender of Human Rights, resulting in a fundamental figure in the guarantee of civil rights for the black population , such as education, right to vote, freedom of expression and more, always characterized by promoting peaceful protest.Their ideas were always clear and focused in the same direction: equality.To deepen their claims and thoughts, nothing better than this selection from Martin Luther King phrases .
One of the most emblematic protest strategies in which I participate was the Montgomery bus boycott, which He opposed racial segregation policies in public transport.By his actions, he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.Very badly, he was killed in Memphis in 1968 , when his career was more than ever focused to fight against poverty and war.As a tribute for their actions, we offer you this compilation of Peace Phrases pronounced by great authors).
3.Selma Lagerlof
Born in 1858, Selma was a Swedish author who gave life to the books of "The saga of Gosta Berling" , a fiction story set on a farm in her hometown that is saved by a group of adventurers and that revolutionized the literature of the late nineteenth century.
The most curious thing is that it all started when Selma was a teacher: she had responded to the announcement of a newspaper for a h contest Istorias and won with her first novel, which was even taken to the cinema.For this hazana, she was the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1909 .
3.Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein practically does not need presentation.By many he described as" the most prodigious mind of modernity "was born in the then German Empire of 1879.famous while working at the Bern patent office (a work he hated according to his words) when he published his manuscript on the theory of relativity , about which he is still investigating.
However, Albert Einstein made many more contributions to physics, especially quantum physics, so he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 .Part of the monetary compensation he gave it to his ex-wife, next to the one that had gone through multiple economic complications in the past and that had been fundamental assistant in the debates and hypothesis formulation that would lead him to reach the theory of relativity.
If you want Get to know him more closely, don't miss our post on Who f It was Albert Einstein (we tell you about his life, contributions and different curiosities that you surely did not contemplate) and this compilation of phrases by Albert Einstein.
4.Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul dedicated his life to philosophy and art, getting involved in various areas such as writing, dramaturgy, novels, politics and the literary criticism of the French circle of the twentieth century.He is also known as the sentimental couple of Simone de Beauvoir.
After his philosophical reflection of many years, Jean-Paul came to create, unintentionally, the so-called Sartrean existentialism, specific characteristics that are identified throughout his life and work. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964, but he rejected it because he considered that accepting it would mean losing his identity as a philosopher .To learn more about your thoughts, read these phrases by Jean-Paul Sartre.
5.Alexander Fleming
Born in 1881 in Scotland and dedicated his life to study in the field of microbacterial medicine .For better or worse, He was forced to serve on the war fronts of the twentieth century as a field doctor, where he would be impressed by the number of deaths whose main cause was infected shrapnel wounds (later turned into gangrene).
These Events motivated him to continue his research against infections, which would lead him to accidentally discover lysozyme, an antibacterial drug, and the antibiotic effects of penicillin. Nothing more and nothing less than penicillin! For his work, Alexander received the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1945 with his team.
6.Gabriela Mistral
Born in the cold region of Vicuna, in Chile, in 1889 and became an important poet, diplomat and teacher of his time, characterized by defending and highlighting the importance of public education in society, coming to participate in the reform of the Mexican education system and representing Chile in international organizations in America and Europe.
He received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1945 for his poems , which are still alive today, being constantly musicalized or cited in other literary works.
In addition to the Origin of the Nobel Prize, no get lost...
The origin of the Nobel Prize has also led to the recognition of the female valia for science.That is why you can not miss the history of the most inspiring Scientific Women, so as our entry on Important Women of History .Don't miss them!
Tell us! Did you like this note about the origin of the Nobel Prize? Did you know the stories of their winners? Did you know where the Nobel prize was from? Do you know any other curiosity about this award that you want to tell us or add to this post? Tell us! We would love to discover it . 128522;
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