The terrible Milgram experiment

We are all aware of the consequences of the barbarities that occurred in the concentration camps of the World War II and in other entries we have talked about the subject.This time we talk about a terrible experiment that was carried out to explain some events that occurred during this horrible time.

The occurrence of Mr.Milgram

Stanley Milgram , in the In the 1960s, a psychological study began that revealed that most individuals have the ability to do a lot of damage if they are forced to do it under pressure .

The idea was raised in 1969 , when the trial of Adolf Eichmann was held, that he was sentenced to death for having committed crimes at the time of the Nazi regime.The important point is that Eichman defended himself by expressing that «he had only paid attention to the orders imposed and that, therefore, I had to do it ».This idea, he was unable to understand why the Jews hated him so much, if he "only" fulfilled orders.

The terrible Milgram experiment

Eichmann's defense inspired Milgram.

The key question of the Milgram Experiment

The Milgram experiment was created to get an answer to the question posed by this researcher: « How long can someone under the authority of another, continue to harm another person, even when they think they are Can it cause you serious harm? »Answering this question, Milgram wanted to get an answer about whether Eichmann and his companions were really complicit or if they really just followed orders.Did they lose their humanity, being aware of what they were doing, or were not unable to choose what they wanted to do and what not?

Downloads, base of the Experiment

The tool that I use Milgram for the experiment was a electric shock generator that had 30 switches.The switch rose every 15 volts , with an interval between 15 and 450.

I also label the discharge levels with: "Moderate" in which the discharge ranged between 75 and 120 volts, and "Strong" where the discharge was between 135 and 180 volts.Finally, the label " Danger », referring to the most intense discharge where the highest levels were from 435 to 450 volts.

The most interesting thing about this device is that, in fact, did not produce any discharge , it was all a farce and only played sounds when the switches were pressed

For the experiment, 40 men participated who were recruited through advertisements in the newspapers and by mail.individuals thought they were going to work on an experiment to improve memory and learning.

Suj Eto knew an ´ experimenter ´, who was the person in charge of conducting the experiment, and the other who was presented as another subject, who was actually a collaborator who intervened as a subject.

It is important to point out that the two individuals have met in the experiment and that they think that each one could be in the place of the other, that is, anyone could be receiving the downloads.

carried out?

The subject was prepared to teach words to the ´ apprentice ´.When he had errors, the subject ´ teacher ´ should punish the apprentice with downloads, which rose 15 volts with each error.

Since the machine didn't really work, the apprentice never received the downloads , but to make it real, when the machine was pressed a recording was played back.

The terrible Milgram experiment

In the event that the teacher was not sure to continue giving voltage to the apprentice, he called the person responsible for the experiment, which always forced him to continue with the process , ordering, first, gently, until finishing with more authoritarian measures if the "teacher" doubted too much.If the teacher asked who would be responsible if something happened to the apprentice, the experimenter clarified: " I am responsible ".This reduced the level of anxiety in the individual, so he continued the experiment.

One of the most remarkable results is that of the 40 subjects, everyone paid attention to the orders until they reached 300 volts.

Obedience, key factor

In the experiments, 65% of people did not stop making downloads .None stopped when the apprentice expressed, for example, that he had heart problems.Why did this happen? The answer relates to our innate attitude of doing everything we are told, especially if we are ordered by authoritarian people.

What do Milgran get from all this? 2 final conclusions:

Professor Milgram elaborated two theories that explained his results:

- Conformity theory : when a person is not prepared to decide, especially in difficult moments, it will leave all the responsibility to the group to which it belongs and to its hierarchical ranks.Whatever the most “prepared” of the group decide, it will be what this individual does.

- Theory of the objectification : Once fully submitted to an authority, the individual considers that everything he does is not by his hand, but is an instrument of authority.He is not to blame, it is only a means to reach a goal.In his mind they become things at the service of someone more powerful.

Surely everything to avoid taking responsibility for terrible acts that, surely, to rebel could be avoided.

Did you know the Milgram experiment? Have you been surprised? If so, you can also read « The terrible experiments of" Unit 731 ″

Images: Isabelle, xdxd_vs_xdxd, regine debatty.

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